The local stock
Suburban housing, and why the advice is more useful here
The outer boroughs are where London stops looking like London. Bexleyheath, Sidcup, Welling, Hornchurch, Upminster, Uxbridge, Hayes, Worcester Park, Chessington and the Coulsdon and Sanderstead fringes of Croydon are dominated by interwar and postwar semis, detached houses and bungalows on plots that would be unimaginable in Zone 2.
Two things follow from that. The first is that these houses have more exposed external wall and roof than a mid-terrace or a sheltered flat, so the fabric matters more — an uninsulated loft or an unfilled cavity costs real points. The second is that almost every standard improvement is genuinely available. Cavity fill, loft top-ups, floor insulation, external wall insulation on a postwar non-traditional house, even an air source heat pump where there is garden space for the unit: the recommendation report stops being theoretical.
Bungalows deserve particular mention. Their roof area is enormous relative to floor area, which makes loft insulation the dominant single factor in the rating. A well-insulated bungalow can score surprisingly well; a poorly insulated one falls further than owners expect.
Letting: MEES requires band E or better, with fines up to £5,000, and a valid EPC is needed before serving a Section 21 notice. The certificate lasts 10 years from lodgement on the national register.